Many speakers of American and Canadian English pronounce cot /ˈkɒt/ and caught /ˈkɔːt/ the same.
Before /ə/ within the same word, another possible pronunciation is /j/ as in yet. In Scotland, this vowel can be considered the same as the short allophone of /eɪ/, as in take. some Northern England English) should treat it the same as /ɪ/. Speakers of dialects with happy tensing (Australian English, General American, modern RP) should read it as an unstressed /iː/, whereas speakers of other dialects (e.g.
⟨ i⟩ does not represent a phoneme but a variation between /iː/ and /ɪ/ in unstressed positions.
Therefore, not all of the distinctions shown here are relevant to a particular dialect: This key represents diaphonemes, abstractions of speech sounds that accommodate General American, Received Pronunciation (RP) and to a large extent also Australian, Canadian, Irish (including Ulster), New Zealand, Scottish, South African and Welsh pronunciations. When unstressed, followed by a voiceless consonant, or in a polysyllabic word, a vowel in the former group is frequently shorter than the latter in other environments (see Clipping (phonetics) § English).įurther information: English phonology and International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects
The length mark ⟨ ː⟩ does not mean that the vowels transcribed with it are always longer than those without it.
In particular, we excluded words in the lexical sets BATH and CLOTH, which may be given two transcriptions, the former either with /ɑː/ or /æ/, the latter with /ɒ/ or /ɔː/.
Words in SMALL CAPITALS are the standard lexical sets.
The footnotes explain some of these cases. Whether this is true for all words, or just when the sounds occur in the same context, depends on the merger. If this is the case, you will pronounce those symbols the same for other words as well. This often happens because of dialect variation (see our articles English phonology and International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects). For example, you may pronounce cot and caught the same, do and dew, or marry and merry. The words given as examples for two different symbols may sound the same to you. For help converting spelling to pronunciation, see English orthography § Spelling-to-sound correspondences. For a table listing all spellings of the sounds on this page, see English orthography § Sound-to-spelling correspondences. If there is an IPA symbol you are looking for that you do not see here, see Help:IPA, which is a more complete list.
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